Toxin-Induced Neurological Symptoms

Various toxins can affect the nervous system, causing a range of neurological symptoms. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential for preventing permanent damage or death.

Common Neurotoxins:

• Metaldehyde (snail/slug bait): Tremors, seizures, hyperthermia
• Bromethalin (rat poison): Weakness, paralysis, tremors, seizures
• Organophosphates/carbamates (some insecticides): Muscle tremors, seizures, excessive salivation
• Ivermectin (in sensitive breeds): Ataxia, blindness, tremors, coma (e.g., Collies, Australian Shepherds)
• Cannabis/THC products: Ataxia, urine leakage, slow heart rate, hypersensitivity
• Lead: Seizures, blindness, behaviour changes
• Mycotoxins (mouldy food): Tremors, seizures, hyperthermia
• Permethrin (in cats): Tremors, seizures, hyperthermia (rare in dogs but toxic to cats)

Signs of Neurotoxicity:

• Muscle tremors or twitching
• Seizures
• Disorientation or confusion
• Weakness or inability to stand
• Excessive drooling
• Abnormal pupil size or reactivity
• Loss of coordination
• Head pressing (pushing head against walls or objects)
• Blindness
• Paralysis

Emergency First Aid:

1. Remove your pet from the source of toxin if safe to do so.
2. Check for any remaining toxin on fur or paws and wash with mild soap if safe to do so (wear gloves).
3. Do NOT induce vomiting unless specifically directed by a veterinarian or poison control.
4. Collect samples of the toxin or packaging if possible.
5. Contact your veterinarian or animal poison control immediately (e.g., Animal Poison Line in UK: 01202 509000).
6. If seizing, follow seizure first aid protocol (see Seizures section).
7. Transport to emergency veterinary care immediately.