Snake Bites (UK Adder)

The European Adder (Vipera berus) is the only venomous snake native to the UK. Bites are most common between February and October, especially on warm days. While often not fatal, adder bites are a veterinary emergency.

Where Bites Occur:

• Usually on the face/head (sniffing) or legs/paws.
• Adders often found in sand dunes, moorland, rocky hillsides, heathland, woodland edges.

Signs of an Adder Bite:

(Can develop rapidly within minutes to a few hours)

• Rapid, significant swelling around the bite area
• Pain (pet may cry, limp, be reluctant to be touched)
• Two small puncture wounds (may be hard to see due to swelling/fur)
• Lethargy, weakness, depression
• Vomiting or drooling
• Pale gums
• Increased heart rate and breathing rate
• Bruising around the bite
• In severe cases: Collapse, tremors, seizures, difficulty breathing

First Aid Actions:

1. Keep Pet Calm and Still: Activity increases venom spread. Carry the pet if possible, especially if bitten on a limb.
2. Identify Snake (If Safe): Note appearance if possible, but do NOT try to catch or kill it.
3. Seek IMMEDIATE Veterinary Care: Call the nearest vet immediately to inform them you are coming with a suspected adder bite. Treatment (including potential antivenom) is most effective when given early.
4. Keep Bite Area Below Heart Level (If Possible).
5. DO NOT:
   • Apply a tourniquet.
   • Cut the wound.
   • Attempt to suck out venom.
   • Apply ice packs (can worsen tissue damage).
6. Gentle Cleaning: You can bathe the area very gently with cool water only if it's visibly dirty, but avoid excessive manipulation.