Hypothermia & Frostbite

Hypothermia (dangerously low body temperature) and frostbite (tissue freezing) occur from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, especially if wet or windy. Young, old, small, or short-haired pets are more susceptible.

Signs of Hypothermia:

• Intense shivering (may stop in severe cases)
• Lethargy, weakness, drowsiness
• Muscle stiffness
• Pale or blue gums
• Slow, shallow breathing
• Slow heart rate
• Dilated pupils
• Collapse or coma

Signs of Frostbite:

• Affected areas (ears, paws, tail tip) feel very cold
• Skin appears pale, greyish, or bluish
• Area may be hard or brittle
• Pain upon touching affected area
• Later (as it thaws): Redness, swelling, blisters, peeling, blackened skin

First Aid Actions:

1. Move to Warmth: Bring pet indoors to a warm, dry area immediately.
2. Dry Gently: If wet, gently towel dry.
3. Warm Gradually: Wrap in warm, dry blankets or towels (pre-warm in dryer if possible).
4. Warm Water Bottles (Wrapped): Place warm (not hot) water bottles wrapped in thick towels alongside pet's body (avoid direct contact).
5. Check Temperature (If Safe): Use a rectal thermometer if possible. Normal is approx 38-39.2°C (100.5-102.5°F). Below 37°C (99°F) is concerning.
6. For Frostbite: Do NOT rub affected areas. Do NOT use direct heat (radiators, hair dryers). You can apply lukewarm (not hot) compresses gently.
7. Seek Veterinary Care: Especially if temperature is low, pet is unresponsive, or frostbite is suspected. Internal damage can occur.