Hypoglycaemia (Low Blood Sugar)

Hypoglycaemia is a condition where blood glucose (sugar) levels drop dangerously low, starving the brain and body of energy. It requires prompt action.

Common Causes:

• Very young puppies or kittens (especially toy breeds) who haven't eaten recently
• Diabetic pets receiving too much insulin or not eating after insulin
• Strenuous exercise (especially in hunting or working dogs)
• Certain liver diseases
• Some types of tumours (insulinoma)
• Sepsis (severe infection)
• Xylitol poisoning

Signs of Hypoglycaemia:

• Extreme lethargy, weakness
• Drowsiness, difficulty waking
• Disorientation, appearing "drunk" or confused
• Staggering gait, incoordination (ataxia)
• Muscle twitching or trembling
• Restlessness or anxiety
• Blurred vision
• Seizures
• Collapse or coma

First Aid Actions:

1. If Conscious & Able to Swallow:
   • Immediately offer a small amount of their regular food.
   • If refusing food, carefully rub a small amount of honey, glucose syrup (like Karo syrup), jam, or sugar dissolved in a little water onto their gums. Do NOT force liquids down the throat if weak or having seizures - risk of aspiration.
2. If Unconscious or Seizing:
   • Carefully rub the sugary substance onto the gums (it can be absorbed through mouth membranes).
   • Position pet safely to prevent injury during seizure (see Seizures section).
3. Keep Warm: Wrap in a blanket.
4. Seek IMMEDIATE Veterinary Care: Even if your pet responds to sugar, the underlying cause needs diagnosis and treatment. The effect of oral sugar is temporary.